JAN – JUN 2018    VOL-19, NO.1

Handoff Communication: Hallmark of Nurses

*Dinesh K. Suganandam, M.Sc (N)
*Junior Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Communication in healthcare setting is a vital link in delivering comprehensive patient care. As immediate and vital caregivers, nurses need to be proficient in communication skills and be able to effectively communicate with patients and other health team members. Communication can positively impact the perception and experiences of patients and members of the health care team. Communication among the team members foster better coordination, promote excellence, diminish medical errors and improve long term outcomes for patients and the organization. National Patient Safety Goals (2018) proposed by The Joint Commission (2014) highlights the importance of communication among the caregivers. Breakdown in communication was the root cause of sentinel events reported to the Joint Commission in the United States of America Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education Vol. 19, No. (1), January - June 2018 between 1995 and 2006 (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2007). Majority of the errors can be prevented if the 'Handoff' or 'handing over' communication is appropriate and meets the standards. In a study by Starmer et al. (2014) effective handoff program had significantly reduced the medical errors and preventable adverse events and improved the quality of written and oral handoff without a negative effect on workload. Handoff A handoff is a transfer and acceptance of patient care responsibility achieved through effective communication. It is a real time process of passing patient specific information from one caregiver to another or from one team of caregivers to another for the purpose of ensuring the continuity and safety of the patient's care (The Joint Commission, 2014).

Keywords: Communication, handoff, ISBAR, I PASS, SIGNOUT, PACE, SHARQ, SHARED

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Friesen, M. A., White, S. V., & Byers, J. F. (2008). Handoffs:Implications for nurses. In Hughes, R. G. , Creating a Safe and High-Quality Health Care Environment-- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2651/?tem=patient%20safety%20and%20quality?

Mathias, J. M. (2006). A SHARED tool strengthens handoffs. OR Manager, 22(4), 15.

O'Reilly, K. B. (2010). Joint Commission quality initiative reduces poor patient handoffs. American Medical News. Retrieved from http://www. pwrnewmedia.com /2010/jc01130bignews/download_cth/CTH_American_Medical_News_handoffs.pdf

Patton, K. A. (2007). Handoff communication: Safe transitions in patient care. Retrieved from http://www.usahealthsystem.com/workfiles/com_doc s / g m e / 2 0 11%20Wo r k f i l e s / H a n d o ff%20Communication Safe%20Transitions%20in%20Patient%20Care.pdf

Radtke, K. (2013). Improving patient satisfaction with nursing communication using bedside shift report. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 27(1), 19-25.

Starmer, A. J., Spector, N. D., Srivastava, R., West, D. C., Rosenbluth, G., Allen, A. D., ... & Lipsitz, S. R. (2014). Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(19), 1803-1812.

Sandlin, D. (2007). Improving patient safety by implementing a standardized and consistent approach to hand-off communication. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 22(4), 289-292.

Schroeder, S. J. (2006). Picking up the PACE: A new template for shift report. Nursing 2006, 36 (10), 22-23..

The Joint Commission. (2014). Improving transitions of care: Hand-off communications. Oakbrook Terrace: Illinois.

The Joint Commission. (2017). Inadequate handoff communication. Sentinel Event Alert, 58, 3-7. Thomas, L., & Donohue-Porter, P. (2012). Blending evidence and innovation: Improving intershift handoffs in a multihospital setting. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 27(2), 116-124.

VandenBerg, A. K. (2013). Patient Handoffs: Facilitating Safe and Effective Transitions of Care. (Unpublished master's thesis).

World Health Organization. (2007). Patient Safety Communications. Communication during patient hand-overs. Patient Safety Solutions, 1(3), 1-4. Kirkhof College of Nursing, Michigan.

Welsh, C., Flanagan, M., & Ebright, P. (2010). Barriers and facilitators to nursing handoffs: Recommendations for redesign. Nursing Outlook, 58(3), 148-154. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2009.10.005

Wheeler, K. K. (2014). Effective handoff communication. OR Nurse, 8(1), 22-26.

World Health Organization. (2007). Patient Safety Communications. Communication during patient hand-overs. Patient Safety Solutions, 1(3), 1-4.

Concept Mapping, Conventional Teaching Methods and Knowledge of Nurses

*Sachin Yadav, M.Sc (N)
**Ishak Mohammad, M.Sc.(N)
* II Year M.Sc.(N) Student, Teerthanker Mahaveer CON, Moradabad **Associate Professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer CON, Moradabad

ABSTRACT

The demand for quality in care and improved health outcomes is on the rise due to increase in the complexity and diversity of health care needs. Nurses being in the frontline should be a critical thinkers in order to be a partner in clinical governance and decision making. The traditional teaching methods commonly practiced at colleges and universities provide students with theoretical knowledge and invariably fail to prepare them for keeping up with the clinical challenges in the health care. Various strategies are employed in nursing education to improve the critical thinking, knowledge and clinical practice. Concept mapping is an effective tool which enables them to understand the concept and think critically to handle the patient care issues. This article aims to provide a brief introduction of concept mapping and assesses the effect of concept mapping on knowledge of nurses and nursing students compared to conventional teaching methods. Pub Med-Medline database was used as search engine for literature review. Specific search strategy and key terms were used to search database. Six research studies, out of 20 reviews supported that concept mapping was better than conventional teaching methods. The review concludes that concept mapping is useful and more successful in stimulating critical thinking among nursing students. Concept mapping was found to be more effective than the conventional teaching method in increasing meaningful learning, encouraging them to connect current knowledge to their prior learning, and also provided an opportunity to gain further knowledge. It can be used as a clinical teaching-learning method to enhance critical thinking in nursing students.

Keywords: concept mapping, conventional teaching method, nursing students.

REFERENCES

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Aein, F., & Aliakbari, F. (2017). Effectiveness of concept mapping and traditional linear nursing care plans on critical thinking skills in clinical pediatric nursing course. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 6 (3).

Aghakhani, N., Sharifnia, H., Eghtedar, S., & Torabizadeh, C. (2015). The effect of concept mapping on the learning levels of students in taking the course of nursing care of patients with glandular diseases subject in Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 4(2).

Akinsanya, C., & Williams, M. (2004). Concept mapping for meaningful learning. Nurse Education Today, 24(1),41-46.

Benner, P. (1999). Claiming the wisdom and worth of clinical practice. Nursing and Health Care Perspectives, 20(6),312.

Benner, P., & Wrubel, J. (1982). Skilled clinical knowledge: The value of perceptual awareness, part 1. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 12(5), 11-14.

Brunt, B. A. (2005). Models, measurement, and strategies in developing critical-thinking skills. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 36(6), 255-262.

Billings, D. & Halstead, J. (2009). Teaching in nursing a guide for faculty (3rd ed.). St.Louis: Saunders Elsevier

Bradshaw, M. J., & Lowenstein, A.J. (2014). Innovative Teaching Strategies in Nursing. United States of America: Library of Congress.

Farrag, R. E. (2016). Concept mapping strategy: An effective tool for improving maternity nursing students' achievement. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(3), 10.

Hsu, L. (2004). Developing concept maps from problembased learning scenario discussions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(5), 510-518.

King, M., & Shell, R. (2002). Teaching and evaluating critical thinking with concept maps. Nurse Educator, 27(5), 214-216.

Moattari, M., Soleimani, S., Moghaddam, N. J., & Mehbodi, F. (2014). Clinical concept mapping: Does it improve discipline-based critical thinking of nursing students? Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19(1), 70.

Nirmala, T., & Shakuntala, B. S. (2011). Concept mapping: An effective tool to promote critical thinking skills among nurses. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 1(4), 21-26.

Novak, J. D., & Cañas, A. J. (2008). The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them. American Journal of Educational Research. 3(8), 1010-1014. doi: 10.12691/education-3-8-10.

Pattayakorn, P. & Podimuang, K. (2015).The effectiveness of concept mapping application in teaching the nursing student of an international university. Journal of Teaching and Education, 4(3): 361366.

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Schuster, P. M. (2000). Concept mapping: Reducing clinical care plan paperwork and Increasing Learning. Nurse Educator, 25(2), 76-81.

Schuster, P. M. (2002). Concept mapping: A critical-thinking approach to care planning. The Canadian Nurse, 98(7), 15.

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Yue, M., Zhang, M., Zhang, C., & Jin, C. (2017). The effectiveness of concept mapping on development of critical thinking in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Education Today, 52, 87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.018

Zadeh, N. R., Gandomani, H. S., Delaram, M., & Yekta, Z. P. (2015). Comparing the effect of concept mapping and conventional methods on nursing students' practical skill score. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 4(3).

Sweet Syndrome

*Sasikala R.Umesh, M.Sc (N) **Amalorpavamari Lucas, M.Sc (N) *** Selva T. Chacko, M.Sc (N)., Ph.D (N) ****Aruna S. Rajan, B.Sc (N)
* Reader, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore ** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore *** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore **** Charge Nurse, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Sweet Syndrome also known as Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis is a skin disorder characterized by abrupt onset of tender, red-to-purple papules and nodules that coalesce to form plaques on the skin. Sweet Syndrome is uncommon but not rare. In general, Sweet Syndrome responds dramatically to oral corticosteroids and may improve or resolve with treatment of the underlying condition. Dermatosis generally resolves but may persist indefinitely in some patients and can be difficult to manage because of pain and skin breakdown. Recurrence of the syndrome is frequently encountered. This article outlines the disease process and its management. A case report is presented focusing on the nursing management of a patient with Sweet Syndrome using nursing process.

Keywords: Sweet Syndrome, dermatosis, case report

REFERENCES

Freedberg, I., & Einsen, A. (2003). Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. Tutzing: McGraw Hill.

Ginarte, M. & Toribio, J. (2011) Autoimmune disorders current concepts and advances from bedside to mechanistic insights: Sweet Syndrome. London : Infotech Limited.

Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2014). Nursing care plans:Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Merola, J. F., Callen, J., & O'Ofori, A. (2018). Uptodate:Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sweet-syndromeacute-febrile-neutrophilic-dermatosis-managementand-prognosis/print

National Organisation of Rare Disorders. (2015). Sweet Syndrome. Retrieved from https:// rare diseases. org/rare-diseases/sweet-syndrome/

Oakley, A. (2015). Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis.Retrieved from https: //www. dermnetnz.org/topics/acute-febrile-neutrophilic-dermatosis

Vashisht, P., & Holmes, H. (2018). Sweet Syndrome. In Stat Pearls: Treasure Island.

Von den Driesch, P. (1994). Sweet's syndrome (Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 31(4), 535-556.

Walker, D. C., & Cohen, P. R. (1996). Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole-associated acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: Case report and review of drug-induced Sweet's syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(5), 918-923.

Zamanian, A., & Ameri, A. (2007). Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome): A study of 15 cases in Iran. International Journal of Dermatology, 46(6),571-574.

De Quervain's Disease: A Case Presentation

*Angeline Jeya Rani, M.Sc (N)., F.F.N.P
* Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Occupational health is a growing concern in hospitals. Health care professionals are highly prone to develop occupational health disorders that include musculoskeletal disorders. De Quervain disease is one of the musculoskeletal disorder prevailing among health care providers. The cause is inflammation of a tendon that involves disruption of normal flexor tendon function in the hand. Factors contributing to this disorder are overuse like straining while writing, and long computer use and other repetitive tasks which involve the use of fingers and wrists. Breast feeding mothers and patients with history of arthritis and diabetes are at high risk for De Quervain disease. The outcome of the disorder depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: Occupational health, nursing, musculoskeletal disorder, De Quervain disease

REFERENCES

Alavi, N. M. (2014). Occupational hazards in nursing. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 3(3), e22357.

Bhatia, M., & Moochhala, S. (2004). Role of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Journal of Pathology, 202(2), 145-156.

Hall, C. M., & Brody, L. T. (2005). Therapeutic exercise:Moving toward function. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Harvard Health Publishing School. (2018). Tendon trouble in the hands: de Quervain's tenosynovitis and trigger finger. Retrieved from https: //www. health.harvard.edu/ newsletter _article /tendon-trouble-in-the-handsde-quervains-tenosynovitis-and-trigger-finger

Hubbard, M. J., Hildebrand, B. A., Battafarano, M. M., & Battafarano, D. F. (2018). Common Soft Tissue Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 45(2), 289-303.

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan. (2018). De Quervain's Disease: Exercises. Retrieved from https: // healthy. kaiserpermanente.org/ health/ care/ consumer/ healthwellness/conditions-diseases/he2/!ut/p/a1/

Leite, P. C., Merighi, M. A. B., & Silva, A. (2007). The experience of a woman working in nursing suffering from De Quervain's disease. Revista Latino-Americana de enfermagem, 15(2), 253-258.

Lelis, C. M., Battaus, M. R. B., Freitas, F. C. T. D., Rocha, F. L. R., Marziale, M. H. P., & Robazzi, M. L. D. C. C. (2012). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nursing professionals: An integrative literature review. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 25(3), 477-482. doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000300025

Madani, M., Alavi, N. M., & Taghizadeh, M. (2014). Nonspecific musculoskeletal pain and vitamin D deficiency in female nurses in Kashan, Iran. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, 22(3), 268-274.

Medical Conspectus. (2015). Finkelstein's test. Retrieved from http://medicinaesecrets. blogspot.com/2015/06/finkelsteins-test.html

Stahl, S., Vida, D., Meisner, C., Stahl, A. S., Schaller, H. E., & Held, M. (2015). Work related etiology of de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a case-control study with prospectively collected data. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 16(1),126.

Summit Medical Group Foundation. (2018). De Quervain's Tenosynovitis Exercises. Retrieved from https: //www.summitmedicalgroup .com/library /adult_health/sma_de_quervains_exercises/

Virzi, A. (2010). Positioning Techniques to Reduce the Occurrence of DeQuervain's Tendonitis in Nursing Mothers. (Masters Thesis). Available from https://scholar.dominican.edu/masters-theses/128/.

Quality of Life of Children with Asthma and their Caregivers

*Bendangmenla Ao, M.Sc (N)
**Bharathy Jacob, M.Sc (N)
*** Mary A. Johnson, M.Sc (N)
****Prabhahar Moses, MD (Ped), MRCP (UK), FRCP (E), FCAMS

* Assoc Professor, CON, Christian Institute of Health Science & Research, Dimapur
** Professor, CON, Christian Institute of Health Science & Research, Dimapur
*** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
**** Former Professor, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Asthma ranks as the 14th disorder in the world in terms of the extent and duration of disability, with 14 % of children worldwide experiencing asthma symptoms. Both children and their families are at risk of impaired psychological functioning, well-being, and Quality of Life (QOL). A descriptive study was undertaken to assess the QOL of children with Asthma and their caregivers visiting the outpatient department of a tertiary care center in South India. Using consecutive sampling technique 77 children and 77 caregivers were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, designed by the investigator and was validated by experts. Analysis revealed that 65.9% and 54.5% of the children with Asthma had moderate quality of life among the 5-10 and 11-15 year old age groups respectively. Among the caregivers 64.9% had moderate QOL and 2.6% had poor QOL. Demographic variables such as living in urban locality (p=.03), male children (p=0.05), number of days absent in school (p=.01) were significantly associated with poor QOL among children between 11-15 years. A highly significant association was found between the QOL of children and the caregivers (p<.001). Every health professional should take active initiative in planning ongoing Asthma education which can improve the psychological functioning and QOL of both the child and the care giver.

Keywords: quality of life, children, Asthma, care givers

REFERENCES

Al-Akour, N., & Khader, Y. S. (2008). Quality of life in Jordanian children with Asthma. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 14(6), 418-426.

Boran, P., Tokuç, G., Pisgin, B., & Öktem, S. (2008). Assessment of quality of life in Asthmatic Turkish children. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 50(1), 18.

Centre for Disease Control. (2002). Asthma prevalence, health care use and mortality. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov /nchs /products /pups /pubd/asthma/Asthma.html

Chakravarthy, K., Singh, R. B., Swaminathan, S., & Venkatesan, P. (2002). Prevalence of Asthma in urban and rural children in Tamil Nadu. National Medical Journal of India, 15(5), 260-263.

Dalheim-Englund, A. C., Rydström, I., Rasmussen, B. H., Moller, C., & Sandman, P. O. (2004). Having a child with Asthma quality of life for Swedish parents. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13(3), 386-395.

Global Asthma Network. (2014). Global Asthma Report. Retrieved from http://globalAsthmareport.org/ .

Jenifer, A.P. (2008). Quality of life among patients with Bronchial Asthma. (Unpublished Masters thesis),Christian Medical College, Vellore.

King, C. R., & Hinds, P. S. (2003). Quality of life: From nursing and patient perspectives : Theory, research,practice. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Masoli, M., Fabian, D., Holt, S., & Beasley, R. (2004). The global burden of Asthma: Executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy, 59(5), 469-478.

Mukherjee, R. (2012). India contributes to 10% of the global burden of Asthma, with around 2.4 crore of its population being Asthmatic. Childhood Asthma incidence in India ranges from 2.1% to 11.8%. The Times of India. Retieved from https://times of india. india times .com /India- contributes -to-10-of-theglobal-burden-of-Asthma-with-around-2-4-crore-ofits-population - being- Asthmatic-Childhood-Asthmaincidence-in-India-ranges-from-2-1-to-11-8-/articleshow/12934160.cms

Rich, M., Lamola, S., & Woods, E. R. (2006). Effects of creating visual illness narratives on quality of life with Asthma: A pilot intervention study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 748-752.

Van Gent, R., Van Essen, L. E., Rovers, M. M., Kimpen, J. L., Van Der Ent, C. K., & De Meer, G. (2007). Quality of life in children with undiagnosed and diagnosed Asthma. European Journal of Pediatrics, 166(8),843-848.

World Health Organisation. (2005). Preventing chronic diseases a vital investment. Retrieved http: // apps. who.int/ iris /bitstream/handle/ 10665/43314 /924156 3001_eng.pdf; jsessionid =F53CBD94D6CAE6D7A13F8BBCF6F633FF ?sequence= 1

World Health Organization. (2016). Chronic respiratory diseases: Asthma. Retrieved from http: //www. who. int/respiratory /Asthma /en/

Williams, I. C. (2005). Emotional health of black and white dementia caregivers: A contextual examination. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(6), 287-295.

Effectiveness of a Self Instructional Module on Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Heart Diseases

*Gnana Leonarld Das, M.Sc (N)

* Associate Professor, Lowry Memorial College Campus, Bangalore

ABSTRACT

Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs than from any other causes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on knowledge regarding lifestyle changes to prevent heart diseases. A quantitative, pre experimental, one group pretest posttest design was selected for the study. The participants were 70 Information Technology (IT) professionals from selected IT companies in Bangalore. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the samples for the study. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. The data obtained was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the pretest 17.1% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, 54.3% had moderately adequate knowledge and 28.6% had adequate knowledge. In the post test all subjects (100%) had adequate knowledge. The 't' test value was 16.31 which was found to be significant (p<.05). SIM was found to be effective in imparting knowledge regarding lifestyle changes to prevent heart diseases.

Keywords: lifestyle, self-instructional module, knowledge, heart diseases, IT professionals, IT Companies

REFERENCES

Ahmed, E., Youssif, M., & Ayasreh, I. (2013). Assess the risk factors and knowledge on modification of lifestyle among patients who have experienced acute myocardial infarction in Taif. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2, 354-359.

Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., ... & Jiménez, M. C. (2017). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 135(10),e146-e603.

Chaturvedi, R., Singh, N., Boolchandani, R., & Chandra, R. (2012). Knowledge, attitudes and practices on CHD in businessmen and patients. Nutrition & Food Science, 42(3), 148-155.

Combes, A. (2015). Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Retrieved from https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-medicine/2015/09/29/reducing-riskcardiovascular-disease/

Divya, K. A. (2013) A study to assess the impact of selfinstructional module (SIM) on knowledge regarding the prevention of hypertension among IT (information technology) employees at selected company in Bangalore (Masters Thesis). Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

European Society of Preventive Medicine. (2016). Cardiovascular diseases: Preventing and predicting diseases. Personalized and Participatory Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.esprevmed.org/esprevmed/about/7

Francis, J., Jose, J., Sunny, J. K., Juvairiya, U. S., & Varghese, S. (2014). Knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors among people in South India: A community based study. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 4(1).

Goyal, A., & Yusuf, S. (2006). The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 124(3), 235.

Isalkar, U. (2014, November 14). 2 out of 3 IT professionals at risk for diabetes, heart disease: Study. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://times of india. indiatimes.com/ city/pune/2-out-of-3-IT-professionals-at-risk-for-diabetes-heartdisease-Study/articleshow /45141718.cms

Kunikullaya, K. U., Kirthi, S. K., Venkatesh, D., & Goturu, J. (2010). Heart rate variability changes in business process outsourcing employees working in shifts. Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal, 10(10), 439.

Pandey, R. A., & Khadka, I. (2012). Knowledge regarding preventive measures of heart disease among the adult population in Kathmandu. Health, 4(09), 601.

Roth, G. A., Huffman, M. D., Moran, A. E., Feigin, V., Mensah, G. A., Naghavi, M., & Murray, C. J. (2015).

Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013. Circulation, 132(17), 1667-1678.

Vaidya, A., Aryal, U. R., & Krettek, A. (2013). Cardiovascular health knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour in an urbanising community of Nepal: A population-based cross-sectional study from Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site. BMJ Open, 3(10), e002976.

World Health Organisation. (2015). Cardiovascular Diseases. Retrieved from http://www.searo.who.int/india/topics/cardiovascular_diseases/en/

World Health Organisation. (2017). Cardiovascular Diseases. Retrieved fromhttp://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

Perception about Childhood Obesity and Overweight among Parents and Children

*Lumchio L.Murry, M.Sc (N)

* Lecturer, College of Nursing, AIIMS, New Delhi

ABSTRACT

Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem and has reached epidemic proportions in most of the developed countries. India is not an exception to this trend. In this study, the perception about childhood obesity and overweight was assessed on a consecutive sample size of 105 obese and overweight children and their parents attending the out-patient department of tertiary hospital, using cross sectional design. A 10 item questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect data. The overall perception towards obesity and overweight was good in the majority (89.5%) of parents. Majority (85%) of obese and overweight children also showed good perception towards obesity. Recognition of obesity as a preventable health problem is paramount in the management of childhood obesity. Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence have substantial and adverse long-term consequences for physical health. It is major responsibility of health care personnel to identify obesity and overweight in children and to teach about its harmful effects inorder to prevent its consequences.

Keywords: obesity, childhood, parents, perception, overweight

REFERENCES

Aljunaibi, A., Abdulle, A., & Nagelkerke, N. (2013). Parental weight perceptions: A cause for concern in the prevention and management of childhood obesity in the United Arab Emirates. Plos ONE, (3), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059923

Baughcum, A.E., Chamberlin, C.M., Deeks, C.M., Powers, S.W., & Whitaker, R. C. (2000). Maternal perceptions of overweight preschool children. Pediatrics, 106, 1380-1386.

Chadha, S.L., Gopinath,N., & Shekhawar,S. (1997). Urbanrural differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Delhi. Bulletin WHO, 5, 31-38.

Christoffel, K.K., & Ariza, A. (1998). The epidemiology of overweight in children: Relevance for clinical care.Pediatrics, 101(1), 103-105.

Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_246.pdf

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Freeman-Fobbs, P. (2003). Feeding our children to death: The tragedy of childhood overweight in America. Journal of the National Medical Association, 95,119.

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Ranjani, H., Mehreen, T. S., Pradeepa, R., Anjana, R. M., Garg, R., Anand, K., & Mohan, V. (2016). Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: A systematic review. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 143(2),160.

Rhee, K.E., De Lago, C.W., Arscott-Mills, T., Mehta, S.D., & Davis, R.K. (2005). Factors associated with parental readiness to make changes for overweight children. Pediatrics, 116, 94-101.

Rich, S.S., DiMarco, N.M., Huettig, C., Essery, E.V., Anderson, E., & Sanborn, C.F. (2005). Perceptions of health status and play activities in parents of overweight Hispanic toddlers and preschoolers. Family Community Health, 28, 130-141

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West, D.S., Raczynski, J.M., Phillips, M.M., Bursac, Z., Heath, Gauss, C., Montgomery, B.E. (2008). Parental recognition of overweight in school-age children. Obesity, 16(3), 630-6.

Whitaker, R., Wright, J., Pepe, M., & Dietz, W. (1997). Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337(13), 869-73.

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Statistical Analysis in Nursing Research

*Grace Rebekah, M.Sc.,(Biostatistics)
**Vinitha Ravindran, M.Sc (N)., Ph.D

* Lecturer, Biostatistics, CMC, Vellore
** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

The word statistics and the process of statistical analysis induce anxiety and fear in many researchers especially the students. Difficult and different terminologies, complex calculations and expectations of choosing the right statistics are often daunting. However, it is well recognized that statistics play a key role in health and human related research. As it is not possible to study every human being, a representative group of the population is selected in research studies involving humans. Statistical analysis assists in arriving at right conclusions which then promotes generalization or application of findings to the whole population of interest in the study. This article attempts to articulate some basic steps and processes involved in statistical analysis.

Keywords: statistics, key role, population, analysis

REFERENCES

Ali, Z., & Bhaskar, S. B. (2016). Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60(9), 662669. //doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.190623

Altman, D. G. (1990). Practical Statistics for Medical Research. USA: CRC Press.

Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1996). Statistics notes: Presentation of numerical data. The BMJ, 312(7030),572.

Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (2005). Standard deviations and standard errors. BMJ, 331(7521), 903.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7521.903

Antonisamy, B., Christopher, S., & Samuel, P. P. (2010). Biostatistics: Principles and Practice. Gurgoan: Tata McGraw Hill Education.

Baber, H. (2012). Four steps to hypothesis testing. Retrieved from https: //www. slideshare. net /HasnanBaber/foursteps-to-hypothesis-testing

Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2010). Understanding Nursing Research-eBook: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Philadelphia: Saunders.

Daniel, W. W., & Cross, C. L. (2013). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences (10edition). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Driscoll, P., & Lecky, F. (2001). An introduction to hypothesis testing: Parametric comparison of two groups 1. Emergency Medicine Journal, 18(2), 124-130.

EpiData Association. (2018). Epidata Software Download. Retrieved from http://www.epidata.dk/ download.php

Hypothesis testing and Types of Errors. (n.d). Retrieved from https://devopedia.org/hypothesis-testing-and-types-oferrors

Jenifer, M., Sony, A., Singh, D., Lionel, J., Jayaseelan, V. (2017). Knowledge and practice of nursing personnel on antenatal fetal assessment before and after video assisted teaching. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education, 18(2), 87-91

Kanthi, E., Johnson, M.A., & Agarwal, I. (2017). Perceived quality of life and coping in parents of children with chronic kidney disease . Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education. 18(1). 27-34

Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical Methods for Health Care Research . Philadephia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using the SPSS program. Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing research:Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice.Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Priyadarsini, I. S., Manoharan, M., Mathai, J., & Antonisamy, B. (2017). Psychosocial Behaviour in children after selective urological surgeries. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education, 18(1), 35-42.

Rosner, B. (2000). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/ fundamental sofbi00bern

Sadan, V. (2017). Data Collection Methods in Quantitative Research. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education. 18(2). 58-63

Stanley, J.( 2012). Notes on computer programmes for statistical analysis. Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/otago048101.pdf The normal distribution. (n.d.). Retrieved from http: //faculty. Business. utsa.edu/ manderso/readings /BMJStatisticsNotes/the%20normal%20distribution.pdf

Triola, M. M., & Triola, M. F. (2006). Biostatistics for the biological and health sciences. Boston: Pearson Publishers.

Stroke: The Old, the New and the Novel Diagnostic and Management Strategies

*Rebecca Sumathy Bai, M.Sc (N)
**Mercy Jesudoss, M.Sc (N)
***Deborah Snegalatha, M.Sc (N)
****Preethi Sathianathan, M.Sc (N)
*****Dhiya Mary Ipe, B.Sc (N)

* Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
** Associate Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
*** Junior Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
**** Junior Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
***** Tutor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Stroke is a preventable health problem. If stroke has occurred and treatment is delivered on time, the risk of developing complications and disabilities can be minimized. The first responders and community should be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of stroke and seek medical help at the earliest. In addition, the tertiary care centres or hospitals which have dedicated stroke units must be equipped with facilities required to diagnose and provide treatment. The treatment for stroke depends on the type, co-morbidities, and time within which the intervention is done. Stroke causes varying degrees of impairment in mobility, sensory perception, cognition, and perfusion.

Keywords: stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, impairment

REFERENCES

Adams, H. P., Del Zoppo, G., Alberts, M. J., Bhatt, D. L., Brass, L., Furlan, A., ... & Lyden, P. D. (2007).Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: A guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Circulation, 115(20), e478-e534.

Adams, R. J., Chimowitz, M. I., Alpert, J. S., Awad, I. A., Cerqueria, M. D., Fayad, P., & Taubert, K. A. (2003). Coronary risk evaluation in patients with transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: A scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council and the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Circulation, 108(10), 1278-1290.

American stroke association. (2018). Strroke Management Algoirithm. Retrieved from http:// www. strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/

Barker, E. (2008). Neuroscience nursing: A spectrum of care . St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Cheng, N. T., & Kim, A. S. (2015). Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours versus between 3 and 4.5 hours of symptom onset. The Neurohospitalist, 5(3), 101-109.

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Centre for Disease Control [CDC]. (2018b). Stroke. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ signs_symptoms.htmdel Zoppo,

Del zoppo, G. J., Saver, J. L., Jauch, E. C., & Adams, H. P. (2009). Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 40(8), 2945-2948.

Edwardson, M., & Dromerick, A. (2016). Ischemic stroke prognosis in adults. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ischemic-strokeprognosis-in-adults

Goldstein, L. B. (2016). IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke: Times are changing. Neurology, 87(21), 2178-2179. doi:10.1212/WNL. 0000000000003366.

Hickey, J. (2013). Clinical practice of neurological & neurosurgical nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ishida, K. (2013). Medical complications of stroke. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/ contents/medicalcomplications-of-stroke/print

Jones, S. P., Leathley, M. J., McAdam, J. J., & Watkins, C. L. (2007). Physiological monitoring in acute stroke: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(6), 577-594.

Kasner, S. E. (2006). Clinical interpretation and use of stroke scales. The Lancet Neurology, 5(7), 603-612.

Lewis, S. L., Bucher, L., Heitkemper, M. M., Harding, M. M., Kwong, J., & Roberts, D. (2016). Medical-Surgical Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume. St.Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Pandian, J. D., & Sudhan, P. (2013). Stroke epidemiology and stroke care services in India. Journal of stroke, 15(3),128.

Powers, W. J., Rabinstein, A. A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O. M., Bambakidis, N. C., Becker, K., ... & Jauch, E. C. (2018). 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 49(3), e46-e110.

Smith, W. S., Sung, G., Saver, J., Budzik, R., Duckwiler, G., Liebeskind, D. S., ... & Gobin, Y. P. (2008). Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke, 39(4), 1205-1212.

Smith, W. S., Sung, G., Starkman, S., Saver, J. L., Kidwell, C. S., Gobin, Y. P., ... & Silverman, I. E. (2005). Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: Results of the MERCI trial. Stroke, 36(7), 1432-1438.

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Wojner-Alexander, A. W., Garami, Z., Chernyshev, O. Y., & Alexandrov, A. V. (2005). Heads down flat positioning improves blood flow velocity in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology, 64(8), 1354-1357.

Headache among Nursing Staff

*Sarah Maranatha Priya, B.Sc (N)
**Mercy Jesudoss, M.Sc (N)
***Deborah Snegalatha, M.Sc (N)
****Rebecca Sumathy Bai, M.Sc (N)
*****Vivek Mathew, M.D., D.M (Neurology)

* IV Year Student, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
** Associate Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
*** Junior Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
**** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
***** Professor, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

Headache disorders are a worldwide problem. It is the most common form of pain and a major reason for days missed at work or school as well as visits to the doctor. Headache among professionals can be disabling affecting their productivity at workplace. There is scarce data available to know the headache occurrence among health care workers particularly nurses. A cross-sectional study was done to assess the headache occurrence, experiences and management among nursing personnel working in neurology and polytrauma wards of a tertiary care centre in South India. Sixty nurses who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling method. A self-reported, investigator prepared questionnaire was used for data collection. Majority of the nurses (85%) had headache 1- 4 times and 15% had more than 5 times in the preceding month. Among the subjects 75 % were able to tolerate the headache but 25% stated that headache was intolerable. It was identified that fatigue (15%) and inadequate sleep (48%) were the major triggers of headache. Among the subjects 40% used acetaminophen, 17% used pain balm and 26 % used combination of acetaminophen and pain balm for pain relief. Nursing is a profession that demands mental and physical etiquette for handling patient care activities. Therefore it is important to identify headache and its triggering factors to further prevent this distressing symptom.

Keywords: headache, nursing, pain relief

REFERENCES

Bendtsen, L., Evers, S., Linde, M., Mitsikostas, D. D., Sandrini, G., & Schoenen, J. (2010). EFNS guideline on the treatment of tension-type headache. Report of an EFNS task force. European Journal of Neurology, 17(11), 1318-1325.

International Headache Society. ( 2018). The International Classification of Headache Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.ichd-3.org/

Kulkarni, G. B., Rao, G. N., Gururaj, G., Stovner, L. J., & Steiner, T. J. (2015). Headache disorders and public illhealth in India: Prevalence estimates in Karnataka State. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 16(1), 67.

Lin, K. C., Huang, C. C., & Wu, C. C. (2007). Association between stress at work and primary headache among nursing staff in Taiwan. Headache. The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 47(4), 576-584..

Masoodi, Z. A., Shah, P. A., & Iqbal, I. (2016). Prevalence of headache in Kashmir Valley, India. Neurology Asia, 21(2).

Stovner, L. J., & Andree, C. (2010). Prevalence of headache in Europe: A review for the eurolight project. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 11(4), 289.

Stovner, L. J., Hagen, K., Jensen, R., Katsarava, Z., Lipton, R. B., Scher, A. I., & Zwart, J. A. (2007). The global burden of headache: A documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia, 27(3), 193-210.

Wang, Y., Xie, J., Yang, F., Wu, S., Wang, H., Zhang, X., ... & Yu, S. (2015). The prevalence of primary headache disorders and their associated factors among nursing staff in North China. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 16(1), 4.

World health Organisation. (2016). Fact Sheets : Headache disorders. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders.

Perception on Physical Restraints and its Relationship to Psychopathology

*Aruna Gnanapragasam, M.Sc. (N), M.Sc. (Psy)
**Helen S. Charles, M.Sc. (N), M.Phil.
***Thangadurai Packirisamy, D.P.M., D.N.B.
****Visalakshi Peravali, MPH., Ph.D (Biostatistics)

* Junior Lecturer, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
*** Professor, CMC, Vellore
**** Senior Lecturer, Biostatistics, CMC, Vellore

ABSTRACT

The use of restraints in the management of violent patients dates back to the origin of Psychiatry. Despite its use, very little is studied about the impact of restraints on patients. This study was conducted to assess the perception on physical restraints and its relationship to psychopathology of patients with psychiatric disorder. Forty patients who needed restraints were selected using total enumeration sampling technique. Coercion Experience Scale was used to assess the perception of patients on physical restraints and positive and negative symptom scale was used to assess the severity of symptoms. Participants were interviewed after the termination of restraints. The findings revealed that 67.5% of patients were males. The diagnosis of 45% of the patients was Schizophrenia, 47.5% of them were restrained to prevent harm to others, and 87.5% were placed under four point restraints. The mean duration of restraints was 64.25 minutes. Subjective distress was high among 47.5% of the patients on physical restraints. Severity of symptoms was moderate among 87.5% of patients. There was a significant association between perception of physical restraints and religion of patients (p=0.039). Eliminating the use of restraints may not be possible, but it is possible to change the patients' perception by providing patient centered, holistic, quality nursing care.

Keywords: knowledge, physical restraints, perception, psychopathology

REFERENCES

Anestis, A., Daffern, M., Thomas, S. D. M., Podubinski, T., Hollander, Y., Lee, S., Kulkarni, J. (2012). Predictors of perceived coercion in patients admitted for psychiatric hospitalization and the Stability of these Perceptions over Time. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 20(4), 492503. doi:10.1080/13218719.2012.712833

Beghi, M., Peroni, F., Gabola, P., Rossetti, A., & Cornaggia, C. M. (2013). Prevalence and risk factors for the use of restraint in psychiatry: A systematic review. Rivista di psichiatria, 48(1), 10-22. doi.org/10.1708/1228.13611

Bergk, J., Flammer, E., & Steinert, T. (2010). Coercion Experience Scale(CES)-validation of a questionnaire on coercive measures. BMC psychiatry, 10(1), 5. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-5

Bergk, J., Einsiedler, B., Flammer, E., & Steinert, T. (2011). A randomized controlled comparison of seclusion and mechanical restraint in inpatient settings. Psychiatric Services, 62(11), 1310-1317. doi:10.1176/ appi. ps.62. 11.1310

Bonner, G., Lowe, T., Rawcliffe, D., & Wellman, N. (2002). Trauma for all: A pilot study of the subjective experience of physical restraint for mental health inpatients and staff in the UK. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 9(4), 465-473.

Cannon, M. E., Cannon, M. E., Sprivulis, P., & Mccarthy, J. (2001). Restraint Practices in Australasian Emergency Departments. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(4), 464467. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00925.x

Chien, W. T., Chan, C. W., Lam, L. W., & Kam, C. W. (2005). Psychiatric inpatients' perceptions of positive and negative aspects of physical restraint. Patient Education and Counseling, 59(1), 80-86. doi:10.1016 /j.pec.2004.10.003

College of Nurses of Ontario. (2009). Practice Standards: Restraints. Retrieved from https://www.cno.org/globalassets/ docs/prac/41043_restraints.pdf

Davison, S. E. (2005). The management of violence in general psychiatry. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment,11(5), 362370. doi:10.1192/apt.11.5.362

Elgamal, M. (2006). Patients and staff attitudes toward physical restraint. Current Psychiatry, 13(3), 474.

Evans, D., & Fitzgerald, M. (2002). The experience of physical restraint: A systematic review of qualitative research. Contemporary Nurse, 13(2-3), 126135. doi:10.5172/conu.13.2-3.126

Feng, Z., Hirdes, J., Smith, T., Finne-Soveri, H., Chi, I., Du Pasquier, J., . Mor, V. (2009). Use of physical restraints and antipsychotic medications in nursing homes: A cross-national study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(10), 11101118. doi:10.1002/gps.2232

González-Ortega, I., Mosquera, F., Echeburúa, E., & González-Pinto, A. (2010). Insight, psychosis and aggressive behaviour in mania. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 24(2), 7077.

Guedj, M. J., Raynaud, P., Braitman, A., & Vanderschooten, D. (2004). The practice of restraint in a psychiatric emergency unit]. L'Encéphale, 30(1), 3239.

Harwood, R. H. (2017). How to deal with violent and aggressive patients in acute medical settings. The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 47(2), 94-101. doi: 10.4997/JrCPe.2017.218

Iozzino, L., Ferrari, C., Large, M., Nielssen, O., & de Girolamo, G. (2015). Prevalence and risk factors of violence by psychiatric acute inpatients: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128536

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Kamel, N.M.F., Maximos, M.H.F., & Gaafar, M.M., (2007). Reactions of Patients and Psychiatric Hospital Staff About Physical Restraint. Archives of Psychiatry Nursing, 6(2). Retrieved from http://applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/asnj/2007_6_2_1.pdf.

Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opfer, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261.

Knutzen, M., Bjørkly, S., Eidhammer, G., Lorentzen, S., Mjøsund, N. H., Opjordsmoen, S., ... & Friis, S. (2013). Mechanical and pharmacological restraints in acute psychiatric wards. Why and how are they used?. Psychiatry Research, 209(1), 91-97. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.017

Knutzen, M., Mjosund, N. H., Eidhammer, G., Lorentzen, S., Opjordsmoen, S., Sandvik, L., & Friis, S. (2011). Characteristics of psychiatric inpatients who experienced restraint and those who did not: a casecontrol study. Psychiatric Services, 62(5), 492-497.

Korkeila, J.K., Tuohimaki, C., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Lehtinen, V., Joukamaa, M., (2002), Predicting use of coercive measures in Finland. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), 339-345. doi:10.1080/080394802760322105

Macpherson, R., Dix, R., & Morgan, S. (2005). A growing evidence base for management guidelines Revisiting guidelines for the management of acutely disturbed psychiatric patients. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11(6), 404415. doi:10.1192/apt.11.6.404

Minnick, A. F., Mion, L. C., Johnson, M. E., Catrambone, C., & Leipzig, R. (2007). Prevalence and variation of physical restraint use in acute care settings in the US. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(1), 30-37.

Moylan, L. B. (2009). Physical restraint in acute care psychiatry: A humanistic and realistic nursing approach. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 47(3), 41-47.

Noda, T., Sugiyama, N., Ito, H., Soininen, P., Putkonen, H., Sailas, E., & Joffe, G. (2012). Secluded/restrained patients' perceptions of their treatment: Validity and reliability of a new questionnaire. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 66(5), 397404. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02350.x

Pascual, J. C., Madre, M., Puigdemont, D., Oller, S., Corripio, I., Diaz, A., ... & Alvarez, E. (2006). A naturalistic study:100 consecutive episodes of acute agitation in a psychiatric emergency department. Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria, 34(4), 239-244.

Recupero, P. R., Price, M., Garvey, K. A., Daly, B., & Xavier, S. L. (2011). Restraint and seclusion in psychiatric treatment settings: regulation, case law, and risk management. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 39(4), 465476.

Shah, R., & Basu, D. (2010). Coercion in psychiatric care: Global and Indian perspective. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(3), 203. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.70971

Soininen, P., Välimäki, M., Noda, T., Puukka, P., Korkeila, J., Joffe, G., & Putkonen, H. (2013). Secluded and restrained patients' perceptions of their treatment. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 22(1), 4755. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00838.x

Steinert, T., Birk, M., Flammer, E., & Bergk, J. (2013). Subjective distress after seclusion or mechanical restraint: One-year follow-up of a randomized controlled study. Psychiatric Services, 64(10), 10121017. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200315.

Stewart, D., Bowers, L., Simpson, A., Ryan, C., & Tziggili, M. (2009). Manual restraint of adult psychiatric inpatients: A literature review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 16(8), 749-757.

Swanson, J. W., Swartz, M. S., Van Dorn, R. A., Volavka, J., Monahan, J., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Wagner, H. R., Elbogen, E. B., & Lieberman, J. A. (2008). Comparison of antipsychotic medication effects on reducing violence in people with Schizophrenia, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 37- 43.

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Wynn, R. (2006). Coercion in psychiatric care: clinical, legal, and ethical controversies. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 10(4), 247-251.

Zun, L. S. (2003). A prospective study of the complication rate of use of patient restraint in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(2), 119-124.

Prevalence of Gynaecological Problems and their Effect on Working Women

*Pesaramelli Beaulah, M.Sc (N)
* Assistant Professor, Eashwari Bai Memorial CON, Secunderabad

ABSTRACT

Diseases pertaining to the reproductive system of the women are becoming increasingly common because of modern ways of lifestyle. Modern women are forced to face higher level of stress as they are not only home makers, but are also working women. The first and foremost system in a female body to show systemic abnormal functioning under increased stress is the Endocrine system, which in turn affects the menstrual cycle. Thus menstrual abnormalities are becoming increasingly common among working women. A cross sectional study was under taken to assess the prevalence of gynecological problems and their effect on working women employed at selected industries of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. A structured questionnaire to assess the prevalence of gynecological problems and rating scale to assess their effects on their work performance was used for data collection. The women were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that 87% of women had dysmenorrhea, 86% had premenstrual syndrome, 72% had abnormal menstrual bleeding, 63% had genital infections. The mean percentage of effect of gynecological problems on working women was 56.13. The effect of these problems on their work performance were perceived to be moderate by 76%, severe by 16% and mild by 8% women. There were a significant association (p <.05) between the gynaecological problems and the selected socio-demographic variables

Keywords: gynaecological problems, work performance, socio- demographic variables, working women

REFERENCES

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Knowledge of Antenatal Women regarding Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

*Symborian Anita, M.Sc.(N)., M.A (Sociology)

* Professor, Jagadguru Shankaracharya CON, Raipur

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Although early detection of PIH is essential, knowledge on care and prevention of complications is utmost to prevent life threatening complications in the mother and child. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the knowledge of antenatal women regarding PIH. Using convenience sampling technique 100 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary care centre in Chhattisgarh were included in the study. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data. The study findings revealed that about 14% of pregnant women had good knowledge, 55% had average knowledge, and 31% had poor knowledge regarding PIH. The study also revealed that there was a significant association of knowledge with education, occupation, family history of hypertension, family history of PIH and parity of pregnant women. Based on the findings, a health education leaflet was prepared covering the different aspects of pregnancy induced hypertension and given to the subjects.

Keywords: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, antenatal women, knowledge

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