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JAN – JUN 2013    VOL-14, NO.1

THE CHANGING FACES OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY FROM THE ANCIENT TO THE POST - INDEPENDENCE PERIOD IN INDIA

*Rajni Bagga, Ph.D
** Ritika Tiwari, MBA
*** Vaishali Jaiswal, M.Sc., NET
**** Asha Abraham, M.Sc (N)

ABSTRACT

Nurses and midwives are the backbone for the delivery of cost-effective and quality health care. They play a central role in health service delivery promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. They may be the only frontline providers of health care in areas of great health need, especially in remote areas. Their contributions to health care development and towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are extremely crucial. It is a well-known fact that the contribution of nurses and midwives to the quality and efficiency of health services is insufficient in India. Nursing and midwifery services do not receive high recognition from the public, and roles and responsibilities of nurses are not clearly defined. In view of this, one needs to identify as to how the roles and contribution of this major work force of nurses and midwives have diluted over the decades. Accordingly, the primary focus of the present paper is to outline the genesis, evolution and development of nursing and midwifery in India from historical times to pre-independence and post-independence eras and to the present times.

Key words: nursing and midwifery, millennium development goals, maternal mortality, infant mortality, auxiliary nurse midwives, post-independence, five-year plans

*Professor and Head, Department of Management Sciences, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW), New Delhi
** Programme Officer, Academic Programmes, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi
*** Assistant Research Officer, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi
****Tutor, Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Humdard, New Delhi
***** Former consultants, Management at NHFW, New Delhi

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STRESS AMONG RESCUE WORKERS OF TRAUMATIC INCIDENTS

*Mala Thayumanavan, M. Sc (N)., Ph. D

ABSTRACT

Disaster management occupations are often experienced as stressful due to the type of work that is generally required. Major stressors experienced by the workers usually include a working environment with long hours and pressures to accomplish difficult tasks quickly alongside heavy work load. Additionally, there may be periods of low activity and little pressures which could be suddenly interrupted by a situation requiring intense concentration and physical exertion. The excitement and stimulation of large-scale disasters also lead to stress. Major stressors usually present on disaster jobs include the working environment, time pressure and the work load. Distressing or problematic emotional responses are extremely common among rescue workers involved in disaster occupation. Rescue workers are rarely prepared ahead of time either for their own reactions or the reactions of survivors. It is recommended that all workers involved in response activities help themselves and their co-workers and reduce the risk of experiencing stress associated with a traumatic incident, by utilizing simple measures to recognize, monitor, and maintain health on-site and follow such experiences. This article highlights the factors leading to stress among rescue workers, symptoms of stress, stress management strategies and the guidelines and recommendations to monitor and maintain their health.

Key Words: stress, rescue workers, traumatic incidents, disaster

* Dean, Manipal College of Nursing, Bangalore, Karnataka

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Ehrenreich, J. H. (2001). Coping with disasters: A guide book to psychosocial intervention. Retrieved from http://www.mhwwb.org

Milen, D. (2009). The ability of firefighting personnel to cope with stress. Journal of Social Change, 3, 38-56.

Missouri Department of Mental Health. (2012). Emergency r esponse workers. Retrieved from http://dmh.mo.gov/docs/diroffice/disaster/Emerg.Resp onseWorkers.pdf

National Centre for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. (2007).Working with trauma survivors: What workers need to know . Retrieved from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/pages/working-with-trauma-survivors.asp

O'Brien, M.E. (2010). Spirituality in nursing. Retrieved from http:/www.books.google.co.in

Prati, G., Palestini, L., & Pietrantoni, L. (2009). Coping strategies and professional quality of life amongemergency workers. The Australasian Journal of Disaster and T rauma, Retrieved from http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues/ 2009-1/prati.htm

QUALITY OF LIFE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SELECTED VARIABLES IN DIABETIC PATIENTS FROM TWO INDIAN CULTURAL GROUPS

Priyalatha, M. Sc (N)
** Punitha Ezhilarasu, M. Sc (N)., Ph. D
*** Premila Lee, M. Sc (N)., Ph. D
**** Nihal Thomas, M. D., MNAM. S., FRACP (Endo)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this descriptive cross sectional study was to assess and compare the quality of life (QOL) among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with selected demographic variables and knowledge regarding self care. Two different cultural groups from Tamilnadu and West Bengal were included in the study. The subjects who were between 30 and 50 years with illness duration of 1-10 years were selected by random sampling. The WHO-BREF Questionnaire on QOL and a knowledge questionnaire on self-care activities were administered. Information related to duration of illness, monofilament, serum creatinine and glycosylated hemoglobin was recorded. The QOL was viewed in terms of physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. The findings showed that majority of the subjects in both the groups perceived their QOL to be good and there was no significant difference (p= 0.34) between the two cultural groups in this aspect. A negative correlation between serum creatinine and QOL (p=0.01) and monofilament index and QOL (p=0.38) were the other findings. It was also noted that subjects with poor physical domain score had a significant association (p=0.003) with psychological domain score, indicating that subjects with constant physical symptoms had poorer psychological domain score. Though both the groups have cultural differences, similarity in their perception could be attributed to their likeness embedded in the deep branches of roots of Indian culture. Therefore, nurses can play a vital role in enhancing the QOL by empowering the patients and enabling them to manage diabetes and cope with it positively.

Key Words: quality of life, diabetes mellitus, ethnicity, cultural groups, cultural diversity

* Sr. Lecturer, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Science University, UAE
** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
*** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
**** Professor, Department of Endocrinology, CMC, Vellore

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QUALITATIVE APPROACH TO CREATING EVIDENCE: AN OVER VIEW

*Vinitha Ravindran, M. Sc (N)., Ph. D

ABSTRACT

The inability to measure certain phenomenon by quantitative methods and the dissatisfaction with the results of some quantitative measures have led researchers to look at alternative ways of exploring human experiences. This interest has paved way to accepting qualitative research as an approach to generating evidence. As many phenomenon that is of interest to nursing cannot be completely answered by quantitative research. Nursing researchers have started using qualitative methodology increasingly over the past decade. Qualitative research that is based on relativist ontology explores subjective truth within a relational context. This paper explicates five common qualitative methodologies that are being generally adopted in nursing and presents basic details about the qualitative approach to creating evidence.

Key Words: ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, interpretive description, narrative inquiry

* Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore

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CONTINUING EDUCATION SERIES NO: 24 MANAGEMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS: ROLE OF NURSES

* Punitha Ezhilarasu, M. Sc (N)., Ph. D
** Ida Nirmal, M. Sc (N)
*** Nirmala M. Emmanuel, M. Sc (N)
**** Anu B. Bheemarao, B. Sc (N)
***** Renugadevi Samuel, B. Sc (N)
****** Sowmi Joseph, RN., RM

ABSTRACT

Ulcerative colitis is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide and is most commonly seen among adults. Though there is no direct cause associated with ulcerative colitis, many factors are reported to be influencing the remission and exacerbation of the symptoms. It is manifested as both gastrointestinal and extra gastrointestinal symptoms. Various diagnostic tests such as laboratory findings, radiological images and endoscopy procedures are done to confirm the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Management mainly focuses on control of symptoms. Surgical management is preferred in case of severe damage to the mucosa leading to complications such as stricture or perforation. This article describes the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, types, diagnostic tests, management, and complications of ulcerative colitis. The nursing management is discussed using a care study.

Key Words: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, care study, nursing management, ileostomy

* Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
** Professor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
*** Reader, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
**** Tutor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
***** Tutor, College of Nursing, CMC, Vellore
****** Staff Nurse, CMC, Vellore

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